The Theory Of Social Bonds - 1159 Words

The Theory of Social Bonds Why do people abide by the rules? Travis Hirshi in 1969, believed that criminal behavior is controlled by societal ties or social bonds. The Social Bond Theory states that humans behave conventional through the power of internalized norms, conscious, and the desire for approval. When the individuals bonds breaks between the family, friends, or school, the individual then becomes free to engage in deviant and or criminal activity. This theory can be broken down into four major elements, attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. Attachment can be the emotional bond between the parent and the child. If the relationship is healthy there is a much better chance the individual will grow up to be a conformist. Compared to an unhealthy relationship increasing the chance of the individual to grow up a criminal. Involvement can be measured as the actual time spent on the activity. More time spent on conventional activities leaves less time for unconventional a ctivities. Commitment is regarded as effort one makes towards their community or education. The more positive effort one makes towards their education and community, the less likely one will become deviant. Belief can be considered the respect one has for the authorities and rules. When one violates authority, that individual believes in the rules just decides to reject them. (Megan Ortiz, paragraph 6) Megan from forensic science explains, â€Å"Belief plays a role in deviance in2 ways. The criminalShow MoreRelatedThe Social Bond Theory854 Words   |  4 PagesTravis Hirschi developed what is known as Social Bond Theory. Hirschi built on the work of other social control theorists and was able to provide a better picture of what social bond is. In Social Bond Theory there are four basic elements that make up social bonds. They are attachment, involvement, commitment, and belief. It is these four bonds that all humans hold and ultimately determine conformity or deviant behavior( Agnew, 1985). The four bonds are imperative in determining a person’s conformityRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Bond Theory910 Words   |  4 PagesEven though all four components of the social bond theory are important, but I consider attachment to be a key component. With the lack of attachment in one’s life, there is no difference between doing a good or bad act as you do not have someone to impress or do not care what one might think about you. And due to the absence of attachment one might commit crime because they do not have strong ties with families and friends. Strong ties with family and friends sometimes held you back from committingRead MoreSocial Bond And Social Learning Theory1570 Words   |  7 Pageson which theory of crime is most accurate. Currently, social bond and social learning theory are two of the leading theories in the criminological world. Between these two theories there are a variety of differences and similarities. In addition to these theories Gottfred son and Hirschi have published a book where they use the concept of self control to describe crime. Analyzing these three theories can be important to understanding the current criminological world. Social bond theory shows an interestingRead MoreWhat is the Social Bond Theory?1154 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many theories that try to explain why crime is committed. Theres the strain theory, the Social disorganization theory, the Different association theory and many others. But the one that I think best explains why crime is committed is the social bond theory. It is very straightforward and it explains what leads to a crime. The social bond theory states that a persons view toward a society determines if a person will be a criminal or not. This theory has some downsides to it but I willRead MoreSocial Control And Bond Theory2770 Words   |  12 Pages Social control/bond theory was developed by Travis Hirschi in1969. The social control approach is one of the three major sociological perspectives in understanding crime in our contemporary criminology. The theory holds that individuals will break the law as a result of the breakdown of the social bonds (Akers Seller s, 2004, p. 16). Control theorists believe that an individual conformity to societal social values and rules produced by socialization and maintained through social ties toRead MoreCriminology Theories And Social Bond Theory1887 Words   |  8 Pages Theories of Criminology Fall Term Paper: An Overview of Criminology Theories and Theorists The theory of Travis Hirschi, which is the social bond theory focuses on the concept of the causes and the acts of delinquency, which is what this theory is extracted from. This theory emerges when an individual’s bonds to the society and the community around them are weak or broken (Topak, 2017). The social bond theory can be described as the belief that socialization and personal relationships are significantRead MoreSocial Bond Theory Essay2308 Words   |  10 PagesSocial Bond Theory Kevin Pascual Sociology 100 10/25/12 Social Bond Theory In 1969, a man named Travis Hirschi wrote and proposed something called the Social Control Theory. This theory can be applied in numerous kinds of ways when trying to address and solved social problems dealing with adolescents delinquent behavior. Before we can try to apply the Social Bond Theory, we must first understand the components and definition of the theoryRead MoreDurkheim s Theory Of Social Bonds1339 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished many sociological theories throughout his time that still are relevant today and have been studied by many sociologists during his time and now currently. One of the more popular theories that has been altered slightly but still used today is Durkheim’s Anomie Theory. The Anomie Theory has been studied by many other famous sociologists such as Robert King Merton and Robert Agnew. It eventually branched into what is now known as the Strain Theory. Currently, these theories are being changed andRead MoreThe Social Bond Theory Is One Of Ma ny Theories Under The1092 Words   |  5 Pages The social bond theory is one of many theories under the umbrella of control theories. Within the control theories, there is not an exact socio-historic background but there are few assumptions. Control theories take a different approach to crime than most other criminological theories. Instead of looking to solve the popular question of why people commit crimes, it looks to answer the question of why most people do not commit crimes. This theory believes criminal motivation is in fact not an individualRead MoreTravis Hirschi Social Bond Theory980 Words   |  4 PagesProtected* Populations – Examples include, but are not limited to: Children/Minors (under the age of 18) (Exception – projects conducted in established or commonly accepted educational settings involving normal educational practices. Contact IRB office for guidance.) Prisoners (now includes non-publicly available secondary data) Pregnant women Fetuses and products of labor and delivery People with diminished capacity to give consent Mentally or

Dream Interpretation Informative Speech Essay - 1675 Words

Name: Holly McCallen SPCH 2010-103 Informative Speech Date: TITLE: Dream Interpretation Type of Informative Speech: Speech Design: Categorical I. Introduction A. Attention Material: â€Å"Dreams feel weird while we are in them. It’s only when we wake up that we realize something was actually strange (Inception, the movie).† Have you ever been curious about what your dreams actually mean? B. Credibility material: There have been many times in my life where I have either woke up in the middle of the night from a horrible nightmare or woke up in the morning trying to recall my dreams. I have spent a lot of time researching what my dreams mean. C. Statement of Relevance: Dreams are something we all experience†¦show more content†¦Main Point #2: Facts about Dreams 1. Your body goes through 4 stages of sleep. REM (rapid eye movement) is the 4th stage and when you do most of your dreaming. â€Å"While you are dreaming, your body undergoes noticeable changes. Your adrenaline rises, your blood pressure increases, and you heart beats faster. Given this hyperactivity, it should be no surprise how someone with a weak heart can die in their sleep (dreammoods.com).† It usually takes 30-90 minutes to reach REM, a person goes in and out of REM 4-7 times a night. During REM your eyes rapidly move back and forth under the eyelids. Our bodies are completely immobile and muscles are relaxed. You may shift around in your sleep but when in REM you are completely still. 2. Dreammoods.com states that Researchers have found why dreaming is so important and if you do not enter the dream phase it causes irritability and anxiety. They performed a study, where they would wake up a person right before they entered the REM stage, and then let the person fall back asleep, and then wake them up again and do this several times during the night. They repeated this over several nights. They then observed the subjects doing everyday activities and found they were disoriented, crabby, and quick tempered. Dreaming is necessary and helps to recharge the mind and visualize the body. 3. Acc ording to the site BoredPanda.com, while someone is dreamingShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech793 Words   |  4 PagesA List of Informative Speech Topics: Pick Only Awesome Ideas! Just when you thing youre way past through the question How to write an essay?, another one comes. Thats the thing students desperately Google like What is a informative speech? – and, believe experts, this is something youll definitely need some professional help in. Informative speaking is a speech on completely new issue. Tell your audience something they have never known! Now that you know the answer to the question â€Å"WhatRead MoreHow Art Is Art As An Individual s Recreation Of Nature1429 Words   |  6 Pagespainted) was a significant year in the United States in terms of racial tension and progress. 1963 was the height of the Civil Rights Movement and during this year Martin Luther King Jr. wrote his Letter from Birmingham Jail, delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream speech† and John F. Kennedy was assassinated. During this year, many events also took place with the Feminist Movement such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique. These are just a few events that took place in 1963. ByRead MoreScholar Critic1446 Words   |  6 PagesNovelty for the sake of novelty is not and should not be the aim of the researcher. Bateson is not at his best as a theorist and the least satisfactory of his chapters â€Å"Sense of Fact†, â€Å"The literary object†, â€Å"Works of Reference†, â€Å"Style†, â€Å"Interpretation† and â€Å"Literary History.† Bateson borrowed the phrase â€Å"Sense of Fact† from T. S. Eliot. Beginning with the discussion of research from undergraduate studies, Bateson moves on to distinguish research and criticism - the two essential qualitiesRead MoreAn Example Of Genus Deliberativum Essay1891 Words   |  8 Pages Out of the three genus causarum: genus deliberativum, genus indiciale, and genus demonstrativum, I argue that Williamson’s speech is an example of genus deliberativum. According to Roland Barthes’ rhetorical tree, there are six attributes assigned to the oratorical genres: audience, end, subject, time, reasoning, commonplaces. For the deliberative genre, the audience is members of an assembly,† the end is â€Å"to persuade/dissuade,† the subject is â€Å"useful/harmful,† the time is â€Å"future,† the reasoningRead MoreInformative Speech on Dreams Essay3661 Words   |  15 PagesTitle/Topic: Dream Interpretation General Purpose: An informative presentation. Specific Purpose: The purpose of this speech is to inform the audience about the deeper significance of dreams, with the goal of allowing them to find meaning in their own dreams. Thesis Statement: Dream interpretation is important because it allows us to see the exactly what a dream is, to find significance in our dreams, and to face our subconscious problems. INTRODUCTION II. (Reveal Topic) A dream is amazingRead MoreQuestions On Semantics And Pragmatics8833 Words   |  36 Pagesapplication of general principles of interpreting acts, applied to the Sub-case of communicative acts, and more particularly, Verbal communicative†.2 3) â€Å"Pragmatics studies how people comprehends and produces a communicative act or speech act in a concrete, a speech situation which is usually a conversation†.3 4) â€Å"Pragmatics is the study of the relation of signs to interpreters†. (Charles Morris 1938) 3 5) â€Å"Pragmatics studies the factors that govern our choices of language in social interactionRead MoreQuestions and Answers Regarding Artificial Intelligence Essays2029 Words   |  9 PagesUnderstanding will be helpful in creation of new and informative intelligent tools for use in different industries and academia. Just as the invention of the internal combustion engine and the development of machines like airplanes resulted in unprecedented enhancement of the mobility of our species, the tools resulting from AI research are already beginning to extend human intellectual and creative capabilities in ways that our predecessors could only dream about. The evolutionaryRead MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16651 Words   |  67 Pages2.5. Comparative Advertising 31 2.6.Conclusion 33 Chapter 3. Pragmatic aspects of advertising 34 3.1. Pragmatics and Advertising 34 3.2. Concept of Appeal 37 3.3. Relational Aspects of Advertising 39 3.4. Speech Acts in Advertising 41 3.5. Conclusion 44 Conclusion 46 Bibliography 49 Appendix 52 Introduction The subject of this research is the analysis of the language of advertising and its relation to socialRead MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16638 Words   |  67 Pages23 2.5. Comparative Advertising 31 2.6.Conclusion 33 Chapter 3. Pragmatic aspects of advertising 34 3.1. Pragmatics and Advertising 34 3.2. Concept of Appeal 37 3.3. Relational Aspects of Advertising 39 3.4. Speech Acts in Advertising 41 3.5. Conclusion 44 Conclusion 46 Bibliography 49 Appendix 52 Introduction The subject of this research is the analysis of the language of advertising and its relation to social environmentRead MoreClassification of Literature3483 Words   |  14 Pageslanguage without rhyme or meter, either fiction or nonfiction.Prose is writing that resembles everyday speech. The word prose is derived from the Latin word, â€Å"prosa† which literally means straightforward. Prose is adopted for the discussion of facts and topical reading and does not adhere to any particular formal structures other than simple grammar. * Fiction  Ã¢â‚¬â€œisthe form of any  narrative  or  informative  work that deals, in part or in whole, with information or events that are not factual, but rather

Pushing Too Hard Free Essays

Problems in Youth Athletic Problems in Youth Athletics One of the greatest feelings a parent can experience is watching a child excel in an activity. Rightfully so, many parents encourage children to perform well in sports. The problems start when the encouragement begins to go too far. We will write a custom essay sample on Pushing Too Hard or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many parents and coaches toady exceed the boundaries of encouragement, and enter a realm of abuse. A lot of this behavior will start when a parent of coach believes that they are mentoring the next superstar athlete. When parents and coaches start to look at children as major prospects the problems in youth athletics begin to become major issues. In the 1950’s youth athletic programs began to grow quickly all over the United States. Today millions of children participate in organized youth sports programs. These programs were set out to help develop the skills of the youth not only in sports but in life as well. Also, an important focus of the youth leagues was for the children to have fun. In the past few years, the focus of the youth leagues has been changed by the parents and coaches due to the focus on performance and winning. Children are being introduced to competitive play at an earlier age than ever before. Some of the youth leagues have children competing as early as age four. Today many children are expected to play one sport all year long through various leagues. A commitment of this level is not good for young children. There are many problems that come along with pushing children too hard in competitive sports. â€Å"Burnout† is one of the biggest problems a young athlete can experience during youth sports. Burnout is also known as overtraining syndrome. According to the Childrens Memorial Hospital, â€Å"burnout, or overtraining is a condition in which an athlete experiences fatigue and declining performance in his/her sport despite continuing or increased training. †(2002). There are many factors that can lead to burnout in a young athlete today. Burnout can be caused by pressure to perform at a high level, from parents and coaches. Parents pushing children through excessive training will also contribute to burnout. Excessive training can be seen as parents pushing children to play only one sport, and play that sport all year long. Burnout does not just mean that a young athlete does not want to play sports any longer, but also has other repercussions. Childrens Memorial Hospital states that symptoms of burnout can also include muscle and joint pain, fatigue, and weight loss among other symptoms. (2009). For many young athletes burnout will cause them to quit sports all together. This is becoming a major issue with children in their early teens. Cary stated that some eighteen million children stopped participating in team sports in 2002. (2004). This is a very disappointing number considering how many of those children loved the sports they played at one time. Burnout causes many talented players to quit playing just because they do not enjoy sports any longer. As parents and coaches continue to become more aggressive toward youth sports, injuries to the participatants are on the rise. The old saying, practice makes perfect may be true but, overuse can also cause injury to young athletes. As more children are pushed into participating in just one sport, and often on a year round schedule, doctors are seeing more overuse injuries. The National Alliance for Youth Sports stated that Dr. James Andrews, and orthopedic surgeon, is seeing four times as many overuse injuries than he did in the last five years. (2010). A good example of overuse is in youth baseball travel teams. A talented pitcher is asked to pitch in thirty or more games in a season. They would also have the young child practicing year round. The pitchers at the professional level are not asked to pitch that much in a season to prevent injury. The children are not protected from overuse but the professionals are. When a parent or coach asks a young athlete to perform at a level that even the professionals are protected from, it is just a matter of time before a child will sustain an injury. When youth sport began the programs were brought about with great intentions. Children were supported by positive role models and learned teamwork, but most of all had fun learning to play a game with their friends. It has been shown that parents and coaches are taking the fun out of youth athletics. Many of the parents want to believe that children will have more fun if they are the best at the sport they play. Overtraining a child has shown that children stop having fun and no longer care to play sports. The schedule and intense training that many children are being pushed into are causing many children to give up on sports. Most children want to start participating in youth sports because â€Å"They want to have a good time, make friends, and learn something new. † (Stenson 2004). â€Å"Avery Faigenbaum, an associate professor of exercise science at the University of Massachusetts in Boston asks kids who have quit why they are no longer interested in sports their typical response: â€Å"It is not fun anymore. †. (Stenson 2004) This helps prove that pushing kids too hard in sports will only take the fun out of the game. When the children do not want to play any longer then all of the time invested in over training children will not benefit anyone. When parents and coaches take the fun out of sports the children will not learn teamwork, and will have lower self-esteem. Childr en should be able to enjoy sports and gain all of the benefits from playing games they love. Actions must be taken to resolve the problems in youth sports. The children are the ones getting hurt in the process of parents and coaches pushing too hard in youth athletics. As children begin to quit playing sports they become more susceptible to bad influences and poor decision making. Without playing sports, children will become less physically active. Children that are not physically active will have a greater risk of becoming obese. Kids that are obese at a young age have more health risks as they get older. When the children that have dropped out of youth athletics get older the poor decision making can really take effect. Without the positive influence that a team sport can have on children, they will be more likely to try using drugs. Children using drugs will only lead to more problems and other illegal activity. Parents are a large problem in youth athletics. Many parents have turned watching their children play into something more serious that it really is. According to Parade, there was a case where a woman assaulted an eleven year old boy who was rooting for the team her son was playing against. (2005). There have been many time that parents and coaches have made children continue to pitch in a little league baseball game even though the child was complaining that their arm was hurting. One of the worst cases of parents going too far over youth athletics came at a hockey practice. Two parents were involved in a fight and one of the men was beaten to death during the altercation. Children should never be witness to these kinds of actions, especially during participation of a sporting event. Coaches can be just as big of a problem as parents in youth athletics. Many youth coaches want to win no matter what it takes. Coaches have been seen screaming at children when they make a mistake. They have been seen pushing and even hitting kids during a practice or game. Coaches are the ones who set out overly demanding practice schedules. It seems as though many coaches have forgotten what it really means to be a coach. The focus of youth athletics today needs to shift to fixing the problems in Youth athletics. Parents and coaches have to stop trying to live their dreams through the children they mentor. There are a few people who understand that changes must be made in youth athletics. Some organizations have begun to start up with the vision of teaching parents and coaches how to be positive role models in children’s sports. The National Alliance for Youth Sports has certified over two million youth coaches. (Cary 2004). The Positive Coaching Alliance is a training program that teaches parents and coaches to be positive. The famous National Basketball Association coach, Phil Jackson found the ideas of the PCA to also be effective at the professional level. (Cary 2004). These programs are just a good beginning to changing the way youth athletics are ran across the United States. One of the best programs to improve youth athletics started in the state of Maine. The program is called Sports Done Right. According to Parade, it is a program led by Duke Albanese and Robert Cobb. The SDR program marks parents and coaches as the two biggest problems in youth sports. The program requires that parents of children in youth athletics go to training sessions on behavior at sporting events. The parents also have to sign a compact to abide by a higher standard of sportsmanship. (2005). If improvements are to be made in any youth sports program has to be a main focus. The Sports Done Right Program is on coaching as well. Sports Done Right recommends compensation based on their level of training. †(Parade 2005). Coaches that are trained in the correct ways to motivate and teach children see improvements in their abilities. As parents and coaches receive proper training in dealing with youth athletics, the children participating will have more fun playing sports. As with many things in life, youth sports have drifted away from the original intentions . Youth sports organizations began as a way for children to stay busy and stay out of trouble. Sports gave children role models to look up to. Children will always benefit from the physical activities required by participating in organized sports. It is a shame that children are overworked too early and too often in sports so parents and coaches can try to relive their childhood dreams. The parents should let the children work on their dreams at their own pace. Youth athletics can have a major impact on a child’s life. It is the responsibility of the parents and coaches to ensure that the children they mentor are having a positive experience when participating in youth sports. The parents should focus on youth athletics is a fun experience with an opportunity to learn new skills and life lessons. Everyone knows that winning is fun, but winning should not be the number on goal in sports. It is time to take back youth sports for the children, and just let them play. References Cary, Peter. (2004). U. S. Fixing kid’s sports: rescuing children’s games from crazed coaches. News and World Report. Retrieved From http://www. alcdsb. on. ca/~regiath/cats/articles/FixingKidsSports. df National Alliance for Youth Sports. (2010). Overdoing it. Retrieved From http://www. nays. org/fullstory. cfm? articleid=10303 Parade. (2005). Who’s killing kids’ sports? Retrieved From http://www. parade. com/articles/editions/2005/edition_08-07-2005/featured_0 Stenson, Jacqueline. (2004). Pushing too hard too young. Retrieved From http://portal. northbayyouthsoccerclub. com/Clubs/portals/InnisfilSoccerclub/Medi a/Image/Articles/tt_pushing. pdf If you need to type anything after the reference list then start it on this page How to cite Pushing Too Hard, Papers

Strategy and Planning Essay free essay sample

The maximum exploitation of our resources is the key to advantage over the competitors. Marketing is one of the main areas in which a well versed strategic plan can make the organisation to attract customers here the way in which we describe the organizations motives, goals and the dedication to the customers reflect in our adverts. So, cleverly placing the right factors in the right place is a challenge in the strategic planning decision making. In this ever changing business environment the only way of survival of an organisation depends upon the decisions it makes. Thus strategic planning is the key factor to success. In this research we will briefly discuss about the tools of strategy and the outcomes of implementing these tools in an organisation. We will discuss about SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis and Potters Five Force. 3 (b). SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is one of the tools in strategic planning and decision making. This tool helps us to judge the organizations position in the business environment. SWOT stands for Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. Strength The organizations factors which are most influential with respect to customers, market share, and brand value and so on. The strength of an organisation maybe its good will, an excellent customer relationship management and many other sensitive factors which lies on the organizations side. Weakness The things which are an advantage of the competitor and a disadvantage to our organisation. The weakness factor may depend upon our organizations own business policies and or work ethics which binds us to a corner, the competitors takes advantage of this issue and exploit the opportunity but fine tuning our strategy and decision making will bring in a drastic change. Opportunities The chance in which all the things fall in line for our organisation to exploit and to make a profit of it is the definition for opportunities. Opportunities can occur due to a change in trend of customers, brand switching an so on. It is wise for an organisation to make use of such opportunities. Threats The main and most important factor is the threats from rivals and competitors. If an organisation fails to with stand the threats from the competitors then it will surely end up in bankruptcy, the competition may come up with innovative ways of marketing and attracting customers so it is our bounded duty to over come the competitors by creating innovative ways of marketing through strategic planning. Example for SWOT analysis Soft drink giant: Coca-Cola Strengths One of the most successful organisations of all time. The brand value of Coca-Cola is worth more than $68 million in 2009. the company manages its products over 200 countries with over 700 products which is a gigantic goal to achieve but maintaining it as the leader of its kind is still another battle. People tend to be faithful to the Coca-Cola brand because of its one main product the cola drink. So a wide variety of different products from the company with the same brand name tends to market the products for itself. (www. interbrand. com) Weaknesses The Coca-ColaCompany products are beverages so the main weakness for them is that they have this lobby of beverage segment and this is might be their weakness because in the long run they might hit the ground if any other company produces a better beverage. And nowadays people tend to make choices more often than in the past so it is a vulnerable area to be looked upon! Opportunities People are concerned about their health now more than ever so the introduction of Coke Zero a new product from the Coca-ColaCompany is catching up a considerable amount of market share because of its new distinct taste without added sugar in some countries but basically its a new drink with zero calories, the company claims!. The company is exploiting the current trend of health criteria. Threats The main competitor of Coca-ColaCompany is the PepsiCo Inc, the Pepsi Cola Company introduces new products in response to the Coca-ColaCompany. The Coca-ColaCompany is trying very hard to cope up with the situation. During 998 the PepsiCo Inc managed to out smart the company. So without the proper strategic planning PepsiCo will soon go beyond the Cokes victory 3(c). The PESTLE Analysis The most important tool of strategic planning is the PESTEL analysis. The PESTEL analysis is a tool which helps us to judge our position in the market with respect to the macro environment. PESTLE stands for P Political Forces, E Economical Forces, S -Social Forces, T -Technological Forces, L Legislative Forces and E Environmental Forces. These forces influence the overall performance, market value, finance and customer relationship of the company. We will briefly discuss about the PESTEL forces one by one by implementing into an organisation. Example : Integrated Electronics (INTEL) Semiconductors. The Intel Semiconductors are the producers of the famous Intel microchips which literally runs the computer industry but with some rivals such as AMD Inc (Advanced Micro devices). Here we will apply the PESTEL analysis to know the factors that are influencing the Intel semiconductors. Political : The implementation of new taxes and the internationalism of the products tends to make the company to adhere to strict rules in each country which the company is ventured on. So Intel is focusing upon its new products onto buyers and not on further research and development because of the political pressure around the organisation. Economic: The semiconductor industry is in rise. So, the financial status of the company is rising due to a smaller amount of competitors there is lower amount of threats so the economic factor of the company is in concrete position as of now. Social: The company is present in an ever changing dynamic business environment so it has to be sensitive to changes that occur in the environment and then adapt to the changes that takes place. Technological: The semiconductor industry is ever growing in rapidly increasing speed. So, the technological advancements of the industry must be up to date due to high growth ratio of processors which are used in computers across the globe. The research and development team comes up with new innovative ideas to integrate the previous processing unit into the new one with advanced technology so the computation power increases more than double the time the predecessor microchip used to compute. Legislative: The legal factors are important factors of the company because every country that the company venture into must strictly adhere to that particular countrys rules and regulations. Environment: Being a semiconductor company the company must look after environmental issues which affect the world so the semiconductor devices must be environmentally friendly and recycling of the devices plays a vital role in the environmental factor. The company has a good background of making environmentally friendly chips and recycling units so the environmental issue is under control. (http://ivythesis. typepad. com) 3(d). Porters Five Forces: The porters five forces is a business strategy tool which is used to analyse the position of a company and assessing its strength with respect to the competitors in this case new entrants and their impact in this ever changing environment. The porters five forces are: Existing rivalry among firms Threat of new entrants determinants of supplier power Determinants of buyer power Threat of substitute products Example: AIRBUS The porters five applied to the Airbus aviation company who have been the most influential carriers of all time apart from Boeing. These two major aircraft companies were literally in a fight for gaining the considerable mount of market share. Since the introduction of Airbus A380 the Boeing Company has lost lot of customers. The new entrant in our case the A380 is so much advanced than the legendary Boeing 747 which literally ruled the skies. The Boeing 747 was a fuel efficient and economically well versed passenger and good carrier aircraft but the major flaw in t he Boeing decision making is that it was not concentrating on the future of the aircraft but it produced a wide variant of Boeing 700 series but the cleverly devised strategic plan of Airbus was a nightmare to the Boeing corporation. The A380 has an excellent performance with regardless of its massive size the jumbo jet can people double the time the Boeing 747 used to carry. Since the aviation industry has only fewer concentrations of rivals the market share is huge compared to other industries. So with the new A380, Airbus has a considerable amount of stake in the airline industry. But Boeings answer to A380 is the new 787 dreamliner. Which is more fuel efficient but in the case of size the A380 outsmarts the Boeing. Importance of Change: The change management in an organisation is the most important factor which influences the future of an organisation. It describes an strategic approach in modifying or altering an organizations internal factors such as teams, individuals etc. there are different ways to achieve the change in an organisation by collaborative which is done by providing workshops and seminars explaining about the change to the people working in the organization. Consultative the people are informed about the change and the feedback of the change is taken into consideration. Directive the members of the staff are informed about the details of the change and the sensitivity of the change. Coercive the members are forced to follow the change. Example of Change: The acquisition of Iberia by British Airways The British Airways acquired the Iberia for $7 billion and it made the third largest airline in the world. The member of the staff was quickly adapted to the change in different management team. The Iberia staff members were given a change management session on order to cope up with the new acquisition. The acquisition made the stock holders value to increase and they were given a 55 percent of the new airlines share. 4. Conclusion: We have so far discussed about some of the Strategic planning tools and the ways in which they can be exploited. And in conclusion we can say that the way in which we approach the organisation with the necessary tools and strategic planning will make a gigantic impact on the organisation in the present and in the future. In this ever changing business environment the challenge for each organisation is to identify the needs of the customers and to create an appropriate strategic plan to approach the problem which will provide the optimum results which can benefit the customers as well as the organisation. . References SWOT Analysis, [online], Available http://www. marketingteacher. com/Lessons/lesson_swot. htm PESTLE Analysis, [online], Available http://rapidbi. com/pestle/Introduction-to-the-PESTLE-analysis-tool. html Coca-Cola Case Study, [Online], Available http://www. interbrand. com/best_global_brands. aspx http://finance. mapsofworld. com/brand/value/coca-cola. html Intel case S tudy, [Online], Available http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2009/09/intel-case-study. html Read more: http://www. americanessays. com/study-aids/free-essays/management/strategy-and-planning. php#ixzz2OPwRLxoO

Australian Nationalism and Middle East Immigrants

Introduction Since the establishment of the Australian federal department of immigration in 1945, over 6 million migrants, including more than 600, 000 refugees have been reported to be residing in Australia. The identity and nationality of the Australian migrants have changed from the traditional United Kingdom and European nations to Middle East and Asia.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Australian Nationalism and Middle East Immigrants specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According the Parliament of Australia (2006), 24% of the current Australian population is made up of individuals born overseas, and 40% of the total population has one or both parents born out of Australia. In addition, the current Australian population is made up of almost 185 countries and more than 200 languages spoken within its borders. In the last few years, the Australian government has been greatly anxious about the increasing number of im migrants from the Middle East (Kippen McDonald, 2000, 34). Source: Adapted from Australian Government: Department of Immigration and Citizenship Of particular concern to the Australian is the fact that most of these people are illegal immigrants. While the treatment of the Middle East immigrants by the Australians has been heavily criticism internationally, of particular concern to scholars has been how this particular group of immigrants to Australia considers nationalism and ethnic identity in Australia. The objective of this essay is to provide an overview of the what Australian nationalism and identity means to the Middle East immigrants in AustraliaAdvertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nationalism and Identity among Middle East Immigrants to Australia According to Walsh (2001, 56), nationalism exemplifies the good qualities of patriotism; however, it is comprises of differe nt characters. Kippen and McDonald (2000, 34) argues that nationalism is the way a particular group of people think about their nationhood and how they promote the interest of their nation. In this sense, nationalists would promote economic, political, cultural and legal independence of their country (Kippen McDonald, 2000, 33). It is on this basis that the Australians have constantly viewed immigrants to their country not only as people who have no entitlement to reside within the country’s borders but as individuals out to stifle any form of independence in the nation. The controversy surrounding treatment of immigrants especially those from the Middle East has always been informed by the argument that Australia is a country with a common culture and race, hence illegal immigrants have no entitlement whatsoever to live in the Australian community (Walsh, 2001, 78). Despite these arguments and continued detention of illegal immigrants (also termed as boat people in referenc e to their means of transport into the country), the immigrants from the middle east have continuously flocked the country since the abolition of the Dictation Test in late 1950s. According to Walsh (2001, 67), 77 per cent of the total number of third-world immigrants to Australia are of Asian origin. Why the Middle East immigrants in Australian have found it easier to adapt to the Australian nationalism and identity as oppose to English-speaking white immigrants has been greatly debated in various literatures on Australian nationalism and immigrant populations. Kippen and McDonald (2000, 33) argues that despite the recent controversies related to the native Australians growing anxieties about middle east immigrants, this group of immigrants have always valued Australian citizenship more than immigrants from Britain and other English speaking countries. Since 1950s, Australia has greatly transformed its population from a predominantly white to a multicultural society consisting of d iverse cultural groups from all corners of the globe. This change had begun in the 1950s when the Australian government started to relax some of its ‘White Policies’ that had become the hallmark of the post-independence Australia (Walsh, 2001, 89).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Australian Nationalism and Middle East Immigrants specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the subsequent decades, the country experienced increased number of immigrants from different cultural and racial backgrounds, majority of whom originated from Asia. The country signed a migration agreement with Turkey, a non-European, which allowed immigrants from Turkey to be easily assimilated into the Australian nationalism (Kippen McDonald, 2000, 33). When the country elected the first Labor government in 1972 since 1948, radical changes were implemented by the immigration ministry to make Australia more receptive to multicultural im migrants flocking the country (Walsh, 2001, 34). The changes brought an end to the quota system whereby immigrants were determined by their country of origin in order to preserve the Australian homogeneity. The Labor government through its Minister for Immigration, Al Grassby, declared the country a multicultural society and affirmed that previous ethnic and/or racial discrimination inherent in the post-independence Australia had been permanently eliminated in the Australian society (Kippen McDonald, 2000, 33). Middle East Immigrants The development in the early 1970s led to influx of migrants into Australia in a way never witnessed before. The migrants were particularly migrating from Middle East. For instance, a huge contingent of migrants in boats reached Darwin in 1975. According to Walsh (2001, 67), over 25,000 people from East Timor, China, Vietnam and Middle East have since migrated to Australia in the last thirty years. However, majority of Asian immigrants to Australia in recent years have been from the Middle East (Naidoo, 2007, 23). Despite declaring the country a multicultural society, the Labor government as well as subsequent governments have continuously subjected the Middle East immigrants to compulsory detention during which the government would assessed their refugee status claims (Kippen McDonald, 2000, 23). Although the interment policy has drawn much criticism from both the Amnesty International and the United Nations, the Australian governments have never relented on this policy. However, what astounds both Australians and scholars alike is the ease with which the Middle East immigrants have integrated into the Australian national and cultural identity. Even after undergoing inhumane treatments in the hands of Australians, the Middle East immigrants have continuously found it easier to identify with the Australian nationalism and cultural identity.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fitzgerald Inquiry The changes to the Australian immigration policies implemented in 1988 after the Fitzgerald Inquiry further encouraged migrants from the Middle East to entrench their foothold in Australia. Following the inquiry, the Australian government changed its migration policy from an emphasis on ‘family reunion’ to one stressing business and skilled categories of migrants (Walsh, 2001, 87). Assisted passage into the country had been stopped in early 1980s and only those ascertained to be refugees were accorded support upon arriving in the country. This was followed by increased number of illegal immigrants from Middle East claiming to be refugees with the hope of gaining entry into the Australian community (Kippen McDonald, 2000, 54). Naidoo (2007, 12) observes that for the first time in the migration history of Australia, the number of immigrants arriving from Britain dropped drastically below that of Asian immigrants. This was explained by the renewed prosp erity that was sweeping across Europe at the time. while in the earlier decades the British, Italian and Greek immigrants were the majority of populations migrating to Australia, migrants from China, India and other middle east countries would fill the vacuum vacated by the reduced influx from Europe (Naidoo, 2007, 14). Numerous conflicts in the Middle East region also meant that there was increased migration from the Middle East. Australia provided safe haven for this group of people who were flocking the country in the 1990s and early 21st century as intra and inter-state wars escalated. The Impact of Major Wars and Historical Events For most communities migrating from the Middle East to Australia, major wars and historical events have been the influencing factors. According to Naidoo (2007, 15), the large scale movement of middle immigrants has been a recent phenomenon influenced by protracted conflicts between Arabs and Israelis, the Gulf war, 15 years of civil war in Lebanon an d the emergence of Islamic fundamentalist groups. It is against this backdrop that the Middle East immigrants have been attracted by the social, political and economic opportunities offered by the Australian immigration policies and programs (Walsh, 2001, 45). Cronulla Riots in Sydney in 2005 Despite this increased influx of migrants from the Middle East as well as the immigrants’ easier integration, the issue of nationalism and identity has brought a number of conflicts and disharmony between the native Australians and the Middle East immigrants. Naidoo (2007, 23) recalls the Cronulla Riots in Sydney in 2005 which was ethnically motivated. In a series of mob confrontations, the riots involved a group of individuals claiming Anglo ethnicity who felt that Australia should not be opened to other ethnic groups especially those from the Middle East. In effect, despite the Australian government’s immigration policy allowing for multicultural integration, migrants within th e country’s borders have always erected barriers between their different ethnic groups. While the Cronulla riots erupted after a number of youths of Anglo descent were attacked by another group claiming Middle East ethnicity, the conflicts between Middle East immigrants have always been motivated by some underlying factors (Naidoo, 2007, 23). European View with Regard to Nationalism and Identity According to Naidoo (2007, 16), the Australian communities of European origin have always tried to portray the Middle East immigrants as ‘others’. Although the division along ethnic and racial lines have always been there, the portrayal of Middle Easterners as â€Å"others’ was more intense after the September 11 attacks in the united states (Walsh, 2007, 65). Consequently, this has led to erection of barriers between ethnic identities especially between those from the Middle East and those of European decency. Naidoo (2007, 12) observes that while ethnic identity has always informed the conflict between these groups of immigrants, national dominance and nationalism have been the most underlying reasons for these conflicts. According to Walsh (2001, 67), groups of people within a multicultural society would always mobilize around ethnic and religious groupings in order to attain or claim national dominance through state power. Just like other immigrants in Australia, Middle East immigrants are rightfully exercising their own identity in order to claim a stake in the country’s nationalism. Conclusion In exploring the understanding of Australian nationalism and identities, the Middle East immigrants have by far been able to integrate into the Australian multicultural society, albeit with some difficulties. In the last few years, the Australian government as well as the majority white Australian communities has been greatly anxious about the increasing number of immigrants from the Middle East. Of particular concern to the Australian is the fact that most of these people are illegal immigrants, who, based on their identity pose a great threat to Australian nationalism. Consequently, this categorization of the Middle East immigrants has led to heightened ethnic competition between different ethnic identities in the country’s multicultural society. However, the competition between different ethnic groups has ushered in a different dimension in the Australian multicultural society whereby every ethnic identity seeks to have a stake in the country’s nationalism. References Kippen, P. McDonald, P. (2000). Australia’s population in 2000: the way we are and the ways we might have been, People and Place. Naidoo, L. (2007). Rupture or continuity? The impact of globalization on cultural identity and education in Indian immigrant families in Australia. Transnational Curriculum Inquiry, 4 (1) Parliament of Australia, (2006). Australia’s settlement services for refugees and migrants, E-Brief: Online Only issue 9. Retrieved from https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/archive/settlement Walsh, Kate. (2001). The changing face of Australia: A century of immigration 1901-2000, Sydney: Allen Unwin. This essay on Australian Nationalism and Middle East Immigrants was written and submitted by user Tomas Robinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Dangers of Concussions Professor Ramos Blog

The Dangers of Concussions Concussions in football have become a growing concern across all levels of football from youth, high school, college, and the pros. Many cases of these injuries have lead to CTE(Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain found in people with a history of repetitive brain trauma (often athletes), including symptomatic concussions as well as asymptomatic subconcussive hits to the head that do not cause symptoms. and the death of many players. Many players have to retire, because of the numerous concussions they have suffered over the years. Players like Junior Seau who committed suicide on May 2, 2012, later in a study by the scientists who analyzed Seau’s brain before he died concluded that he suffered from CTE from taking hits to the head for over two decades. NFL players suffered more concussions in 2017 alone than the five previous seasons. According to data released by the NFL there were 281 concussions reported in the 2017 season accounting for injuries suffered in preseason games and practice as well. (CCN Library) On February 17, 2011 former Chicago Bears Defensive Back Dave Duerson, 50, commits suicide with gunshot wound to the chest rather than his brain so his brain could be tested on for CTE. Boston University researchers found CTE in his brain like other diseased players (CNN Library). People are dying from this. In an article a neuropathologist studied the brains of 111 NFL diseased players out of those 111 players 110 of them had CTE ( Ward et al.). NFL goes through class action lawsuit with ex-players with health concerns from these types of cases with deaths of former players. The ex-players wanted the NFL to pay $765 million to fund medical exams, concussion related compensation, medical research for retired players and their families, and litigation expenses, according to a document filed in US District Court in Philadelphia August 29, 2013(CNN Library). In another study including 2552 retired football players studies show that 61% sustained at least one concussion throughout their career and 24% have sustained two or more throughout their careers (Guskiewicz et al.). The NFL as already put in set rules to help with player safety and helping to reduce these issues. The â€Å"new† rules were set in 2011 that would fine players for illegal hits to a defenseless player such as a Quarterback in the act of throwing, a receiver trying to catch a pass, a runner already in the grasp of tacklers with his forward progress stopped, a player fielding a kickoff or punt, a kicker or punter during the kick, a quarterback at any time after change of possession, a receiver who receives a blindside block, a player already on the ground. Also the NFL banned using the crown of the helmet to tackle or ward off defensive players. (Schottey) In a 2014 the NFL announced that the season before concussions were down 13% and concussions caused by helmet to helmet hits were reduced by 24%(Garriott). These rules have worked so far in lowering the rate of these injuries which is a good positive to not take too much from the game and protecting players. Banning head to head contact in the sport could be one solution for this problem with all the equipment that players have from padded pants, shoulder pads, and of course helmets but all this equipment can’t protect players from all spinal and concussion type injuries. Players will have to return to the old days of football fundamentals using their form and using their arms, hands, and legs and get away from using their heads in these situations. Another solution would be slowing down the game in the NFL today offenses are running no huddle to exhaust the defensive which is putting players at risk the players become lazy and forget their fundamentals in tackling and it results in players being put in a situation they could be injured the viewers love this style of play being more exciting for fans to watch but it puts the players at a huge risk of getting injured(Pontius). Ponitus, Jerek https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/78884/Pontius,%20Jerek.pdf?sequence=1 Schottey ,Micheal https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1760584-a-guidebook-for-nfl-hits-whats-legal-whats-not-whats-just-plain-dirty Joe Ward, Josh Williams, and Sam Manchester Statistics CNN Library https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/30/us/nfl-concussions-fast-facts/index.html Guskiewicz, Kevin https://academic.oup.com/neurosurgery/article-abstract/57/4/719/3775312?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Corporation and interpersonal Communication training exercise Essay

Corporation and interpersonal Communication training exercise - Essay Example (McGill, 2009) Interpersonal communication is the exchange of ideas, knowledge, information and opinion between two or more individuals, and it is quite an art to do it correctly. An organization has multiple stakeholders at one point in time which it has to cater to. And the manager of such an organization thus has the huge responsibility of communicating with these various stakeholders. From hiring someone to firing someone, from managing a team to arbitrating during a conflict, from being the change agent to giving someone constructive criticism – it all falls in the job of a manager, and it has to be done well if the manager has to experience the right level of self confidence and success for the organization. Therefore, communication is one of the aspects which should really be focused upon in all organizations. (Volkert, 2009) Training exercises and training programs which last for weeks should be built according to the demographics of the employees, and then given to the employees. I f the communication of the employee gets improved, it will take the organization a long way. Role plays, which is the training exercise selected for this report, is one of the most effective methods of showing a person the right way to do something. This is because when a person is asked to do a role play, he can easily assume that he is playing the role of someone else, and that no one can judge him for who he really is. This human psyche helps in getting role plays successful, and in getting across the message. (Windsor, 2006) The training exercise that will be developed to instill effective interpersonal communication in managers will be that of a role play. Role modeling, as it is also known, is an effective way of showing the situations that occur in daily life. The effectiveness of the role modeling method of training exercise lies in the fact that even though an employee might

Economist & Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman Term Paper

Economist & Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman - Term Paper Example In addition, that  economics is ever changing, not stagnant. He has applied increasing returns theory to international trade and geographic clustering (Krugman and Helpman p.84).  Ã‚   Professional Profile He is acknowledged worldwide as a leader in the fields of  economic geography  and the role of increasing returns in shaping  international trade.  At MIT, he became the Ford International Professor of Economics. He has been a professor of Economics and International Affairs in Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, and currently with Princeton (New York Times). He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society, a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, and a member of the Group of Thirty. He has also worked as an advisor to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations, and to a number of countries such as Portugal and Philippines (Speakers of Substance ). Recently, he was President of th e Eastern Economic Association and a centenary professor at the London School of Economics. Krugman is also the author and editor of about 18 books and over 200 professional journal articles, mostly on international trade and finance. ... 08 he won Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for amplification on models of  international trade  and the geographical concentration of wealth, by probing the effects of  economies of scale  and of consumer preferences for varied goods and services. Furthermore, in recognition of his work, he received the John Bates Clark Medal from the American Economic Association, an award given every two years to the top economist under the age of 40.Paul Krugman was awarded the  2011 Gerald Loeb Award  for Commentary for his "Paul Krugman Columns" in the  New York Times (New York Times). Amongst other Krugman’s credentials include, in 2011 he was among the top 50 influential individuals in global finance and Foreign Policy’s  Top 100 Global Thinkers 2010 and 2009. In 1992, he was a member to a team of economist on international appointed by President Reagan to deal with the recession New Trade Theory His professional repute is largely owed to his work in inte rnational trade and finance; he is the initiator of the "new trade theory," a major rethinking of the theory of international trade (Krugman p.286, 1994). New Trade Theory by Paul Krugman brings the determinants of comparative advantage into the model. This theory seeks to explain trade between comparable countries was projected in a 1979 paper in the  Journal of International Economics. It is based on two assumptions economies of scale and consumer’s preference for diversity of products. New Trade theory took into consideration the transportation costs, which was the source of the home market effect (Krugman 109-116, 1997). This implies that due to economies of scale countries specialize in production of specific products. Moreover, despite a country having no comparative advantage in trade it may be in a

The Importance Of Right Assessment Of Own Skills Personal Statement

The Importance Of Right Assessment Of Own Skills - Personal Statement Example I re-assessed my strengths and weaknesses and have come to realize that I am strong on the economic and mathematical abilities more than chemistry. Weighing all the pros and cons of my future plans, the feasibility of a stable job after finishing a certain course and other important factors that would establish my ability to pursue the course indeed had been a challenge. It took days of considerations and re-considerations until I have come to finalizing my decision, which I believe are now well-established with the aforementioned process I have been through. Like Thomas Edison, my rejection of my application as a major in Chemistry did not mean to be a failure, but a chance to review what I have to work on. And indeed it served its purpose as I have come to the inner strengths that can help me in pursuing my own dream based on my interests and not based on other people’s dreams for me. Dr. Robert Schuler, a great American pastor who built the ‘Chrystal Cathedral’, a church made of glass; on his experiences as a child who grew during the recession, said, â€Å"Tough times never last, but tough people do.† I may not have the blood of such great people running through my veins; however, I have their spirit flowing all over me. I believe as they do, that tough times do not drain the strength of a man rather they serve as fuels to engaging himself in his quests. The trials I have been through during my first application accelerated my thoughts on what is to become of my future and thus served as a turning point for important re-considerations. I have become aware that by following my mother’s footsteps, becoming a pharmacist; I would never be able to get to the top because that is not the dream that I am passionate enough to chase for. I might have let my mother down for not trailing her dream and my future might not be as bright as she wished , but I have faith in myself.

The Serious Social Issue Of Domestic Violence Social Work Essay

The Serious Social Issue Of Domestic Violence Social Work Essay Domestic violence is a serious social issue that affects many women and children and is reinforced by the power imbalances that are inbuilt into a patriarchal society. Womens personal experiences of domestic violence are connected to the broader social and political forces that oppress and marginalise many groups in society, particularly women and children. Domestic Violence is defined as an attempt to establish power, control and fear in a relationship through the use of violence and other forms of abuse. The offender exerts control by using physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, economic oppression, isolation, threats, intimidation, and maltreatment of the children. Relationships involving domestic and family violence may differ in terms of the severity of abuse, but power and control are the primary goals of all offenders (Santa Clara County Social Service Agency). The Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse provides a collection of examples of Australian domestic violence related programs, services or responses which reflect elements of good practice. Good practice is reflected in services which define domestic violence in a way that addresses the processes of abuse, minimises victim-blaming and enables effective support and prevention (Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2007). The Ipswich Womens Centre Against Domestic Violence (IWCADV) is a feminist community based organisation committed to working towards the elimination of domestic and family violence throughout the community. The primary focus of IWCADV is to provide support to women and children survivors of domestic and family violence. IWCADV respects the rights of women to make informed decisions about their lives and this is balanced with a concern for the safety of women, children and young people. There is also a recognition that in order for women to be empowered, decision are not made on behalf of women, rather there is a recognition of each persons responsibility for the own actions and the need to be accountable for these actions and their consequences. This empowerment approach provides an environment in which each woman individual is responsible for her actions by supporting her right to make choices about herself and how she lives her life. In the past, domestic violence service providers and the community have responded to domestic violence by coaching victims on how to leave and how they should respond to the abusive relationship (Arizona Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2000, p9). More recently, best practice reflects that what survivors need most is support, encouragement and the resources to achieve their goals, not someone telling them what to do much like their abusers (Arizona Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2000, p9). IWCADV approach to service delivery acknowledges that abuse is used to gain and maintain power and control and that domestic violence is a gender issue. IWCADV is a feminist based community service, and takes a strengths-based empowerment approach to the issue of supporting women who have experien ced domestic violence. Another factor identified by the Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse Good Practice database is a skilled, supported and supervised workforce. During my placement experience at IWCADV I observed that this organisation demonstrated good practice in this area by providing a very supportive workplace and supervision, including clinical supervision. A further element of good practice is monitoring and meaningful evaluation. This means asking the question Does the program work? Evaluation allows organisations to work out whether the program is doing what it was set up to do. Effective evaluation enables organisations to demonstrate results or outcomes which reflect program aims or goals. Evaluation is also used to troubleshoot and assist in ongoing program or service improvement (Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2007). IWCADV has regular team meetings to discuss and evaluate their programs and services and are committed to developing and improving their work to achieve the best possible outcomes. Until recently, social policy had been characterised by a concentration on providing sympathetic and victim centred care after the assault reducing further harm- or tertiary levels of intervention. Examples of tertiary interventions include (Domestic) Violence Orders, law reform, the provision of refuges, health, accommodation and domestic violence services, the refinement of policy and procedures for the care of victims of sexual and domestic violence post-assault. Whilst these interventions are important, especially in showing care for victims and reducing further harm, they do not prevent violence against women, as intervention occurs after the violence has occurred (Carrington and Phillips, 2006). Social policies have now started looking at ways of intervening in order to prevent violence against women occurring. A literature review undertaken by the Commonwealth Governments Partnership Against Domestic Violence (PADV) identified that the way forward to prevent violence against women includes working with young people to break the intergenerational cycle of violence; working with victims and perpetrators to break the cycle of violence; and working with communities to educate against violence (Carrington and Phillips, 2006) Service providers are now moving from purely delivering support and crisis services to women and children, and are addressing the root cause of the problem (Mulroney, 2003). There is now an increasing number of programs built on the idea of an integrated response and inter-agency collaboration (Healey, Frere, Ross Humphrey, 2009). Mulroney (2003) has defined integrated service provision as a coordinated, appropriate, consistent responses aimed at enhancing victim safety, reducing secondary victimization and holding abusers accountable for their violence (Mulroney, 2003). Some best practice examples of integrated or collaborative domestic violence service that consider the social, cultural and geographic diversity and size of their locale include The Domestic Abuse Intervention Project (DAIP) from Duluth USA, the Hamilton Abuse Intervention Project (HAIP) from New Zealand, the Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences (MARAC), from Cardiff, Wales and from Australia, the Interagency Family Violence Intervention Program (Healey, Frere, Ross Humphrey, 2009). One of the best-known integrated response models is The Domestic Abuse Intervention Project, known commonly as the Duluth Model. This model derives from the womens movement and has developed a powerful ethos based on a feminist understanding of control and power in relationships between men and women, which informs all of its work. It coordinates male abusers programs and womens projects in the community and has also developed awareness-raising, training and community development initiatives, all of which are supported by, and work in tandem with, the criminal justice services (Mulroney, 2003, p.3). As well as the ACT Family Violence Intervention Program, another Australian example of a best practice model is the Gold Coast Integrated Response. Some of the key features of these programs include: Coordinated responses within a manageable geographic region. Lead agency to coordinate and monitor. Strategies including fax back projects to encourage effective referrals from Police to support services for women and children and enhanced communication and collaboration between agencies. Services including group work with each client group: women, children and young people, and the abusive partner. (Mulroney, 2003, p7). An important aspect of a coordinated community response to domestic violence is about primary prevention transforming community beliefs and norms about violence against women (Hart, 1995) and a common theme throughout the research is that there is a need for a more long-term integrated response to domestic violence in Australia, which aims to prevent domestic violence in the first place with a view to reducing existing levels of violence. Whilst the IWCADV does not have any of its programs or services listed on the Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse Good Practice database, many of the services programs are modelled on these examples of best practice. The IWCADV is also currently attempting to develop and implement a Co-ordinated Community Response to domestic violence modelled on the Gold Coast Integrated Response. The IWCADV currently presents a training session to local police officers during their first year. The IWCADV is also active in presenting an education program that operates in local high schools. This is an effective program for the prevention of future violence and is based on the belief the by exposing children and young people to non-violent alternatives, providing them with conflict resolution and anger management skills alongside a respect for others and tolerance of diversity, violent behaviour in adults will be prevented (Carrington and Phillips, 2006).

Analysis of Stephen Cranes, Maggie: A Girl Of The Streets Essays

Analysis of Stephen Crane's, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets Today in modern America, it has become almost impossible to avoid the tales of horror that surround us almost anywhere we go. Scandals, murders, theft, corruption, extortion, abuse, prostitution, all common occurrences in this day in age. A hundred years ago however, people did not see the world in quite such an open manner despite the fact that in many ways, similarities were abundant. People’s lives were, in their views, free of all evil and pollution. They assumed they lived peaceful lives and those around them lived the same flawless lives untouched by corruption as well. Many were too blind to see beyond their own homes and into the lives of others who dealt with a more unfortunate fate. Those being the ones who lived in poverty, abuse, and other harsh conditions which were finally exposed to America in 1893 by a 22-year old college free lance writer who simply wished to show things as they appeared to him: bitterly real. Stephen Crane was America’s first re alistic writer who exposed the realities of the slums, tenement living and other unfavorable conditions to a very naà ¯ve American audience. Through hard work and his great devotion to the examination of the darker side of life Crane finally was able to publish his novel in which explored his experiences of the New York slums. Through his great use of dialect, irony and realism in his novel Maggie: A Girl of the Streets Stephen Crane is able to accomplish his goal of creating a vivid picture in his reader’s mind, portraying the harsh, abusive conditions of the many lives condemned to this fortune. Stephen Crane began his quest for the truth in the summer of 1889 while visiting his brother who lived in New Jersey (Peden, 104). While living with his brother Crane was drawn to the idea of realistic writing. He would travel to New York on almost a daily basis to witness and experience the poverty and abusive conditions of the slums (Colvert, 104). During his visits to New York Crane was able to establish an understanding and develop a feeling for what life was like in the slums. He soon acquired a craving for individuality and a yearning to express his experiences. He began his mission by placing upon himself the desire to become his own individual, separating himself from other writers of the era by using his unique style of r... ... Garland, Hamlin. â€Å"Maggie: A Girl of the Streets.† The Arena June 1893. Rpt. in Twentieth Century Literary Critcism. Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 11. Detroit: Gale, 1983. 121. Karlen, Amo. â€Å"The Craft of Stephen Crane.† Georgia Review Fall 1974: pp 470- 84. Rpt. in The Chelsea House Library of Literary Criticism. Moses, Edwin. â€Å"Stephen Crane.† Magill’s Survey of American Literature. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 2. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp., 1991. 427-41. Peden, William. â€Å"Stephen Crane.† Encyclopedia Americana. 1998 ed. Pizer, Donald. â€Å"Stephen Crane’s Maggie and American Naturalism.† Criticism Spring 1965: 168-75. Rpt. in The Chelsea House Library of Literary Criticism. Ed. Harold Bloom. Vol. 10 New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1989. 5858-53. Quinn, Arthur Hobson. â€Å"The Journalists.† American Fiction: An Historical and Critical Survey. New York: Appleton Century-Crofts, Inc., 1936. 521-49. Seymour-Smith, Martin. â€Å"Stephen Crane.† Funk and Wagnalls Guide to Modern Literature. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1973. 37-40. Walford, Chester L. â€Å"Stephen Crane.† Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 2. New Jersey: Salem Press, 1983. 638-47.